The findings were published in the June 2026 edition of Population & Sociétés in an article titled Vietnam: Home to 100 Million People Today, How Many Tomorrow? by Gilles Pison and Catherine Scornet of the French National Institute for Demographic Studies.
The study said Vietnam's population is likely to continue to grow and could reach a peak of around 110 million by the middle of this century. This growth is part of a demographic transition that has unfolded over several decades. As Vietnam’s economy has grown, mortality rates have declined sharply. Fertility has declined gradually and has remained stable at around 1.9 children per woman for more than 20 years.
The article highlights Vietnam's progress in health and healthcare, citing the early establishment of a decentralized primary healthcare system, nationwide vaccination campaigns, and significant improvements in nutrition following years of war.
Despite its achievements, Vietnam faces the challenges of a rapidly aging population and a birth gender imbalance in some localities, particularly in the country's northern regions, according to the study.
