Speaking to the press, Chinese General Secretary and President Xi Jinping declared relations between China and Russia “at a historical high” and a model of major-power relations in an unpredictable international landscape. Xi said the two need to maintain the principle of “non-alignment, non-confrontation, and non-targeting of third countries” and commit to strengthening strategic coordination on international issues.

President Putin said Russia-China relations have reached “an unprecedented level” and are now largely insulated from international political pressures. Beijing and Moscow signed some 40 intergovernmental, interagency, and corporate documents spanning economy, industry, and high tech.

Last year, trade between the two countries totaled 240 billion USD, with the majority of transactions conducted in rubles and yuan. In the coming months, Russia will modernize the Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur Mainline railways and develop an Arctic transit corridor to strengthen logistics connectivity with China.